Surgical decisions and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Data from a tertiary referral center in Taiwan

Purpose: To assess changes in surgical decisions and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) during the COVID?19 pandemic at a tertiary center in Taiwan. Methods: Patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or scleral buckling (SB) for primary RRD during Taiwan’s first wave of domestic COVID?19 cases surge between May and July 2021 (COVID cohort, n = 100) were compared to controls in the closest pre?COVID year, 2019 (pre?COVID cohort, n = 121). Results: The COVID cohort had significantly worse RRD presentation, received more PPV (alone or combined with SB (PPV + SB)) and less SB alone, and had comparable single?surgery anatomic success (SSAS) rates. In patients who underwent PPV, more underwent PPV + SB instead of PPV alone. The decision to combine SB in PPV surgery was significantly affected by the COVID pandemic (odds ratio [OR], 3.1860 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1487–8.8361]). However, a shorter duration of symptoms before the first presentation (0.9857 [95% CI, 0.9720–0.9997]) was the only factor related to SSAS, whereas the surgical method had no association. The SSAS rate remained close to or over 90% in patients with a duration of symptoms before surgery ?4 weeks but dropped to 83.3% in patients with duration >4 weeks. Conclusion: During the COVID?19 pandemic, worse RRD presentations led to a shift in preference for PPV over SB alone as the primary surgery. The pandemic affected surgeons’ decision to combine SB during PPV. Nevertheless, SSAS was only associated with the duration of symptoms but not with surgical methods.

Prediction of the Impact of CYP2C19 Polymorphism on Drug-Drug Interaction between Voriconazole and Tacrolimus Using Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling

Abstract Voriconazole increases tacrolimus blood concentration significantly when coadministrated. The recommendation of reducing tacrolimus to 1/3 in voriconazole package insert seems not to be satisfactory in clinical practice. In vitro studies demonstrated that the magnitude of inhibition depends on the concentration of voriconazole, while voriconazole exposure is determined by the genotype status of CYP2C19. CYP2C19 gene polymorphism challenges the management of drug-drug interactions(DDIs) between voriconazole and tacrolimus. This work aimed to predict the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the DDIs by using physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models. The precision of the developed voriconazole and tacrolimus models was reasonable by evaluating the pharmacokinetic parameters fold error, such as AUC0-24, Cmax and tmax. Voriconazole increased tacrolimus concentration immediately in all population. The simulated duration of DDIs disappearance after voriconazole withdrawal were 146h, 90h and 66h in poor metabolizers (PMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs) and extensive metabolizers(EMs), respectively. The developed and optimized PBPK models in this study can be applied to assit the dose adjustment for tacrolimus with and without voriconazole.

Effect analysis of combined immunological blockade mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in Hainan Province from 2015 to 2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the influencing factors of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus after combined immunological blockade, and to evaluate the effect of mother-to-child blockade, and to provide a basis for health policies and health interventions for preventing mother-to-child blockade of hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants aged 7-12 months in Hainan Province from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. The general situation, the situation of health care and delivery in this pregnancy and perinatal period, the detection of hepatitis B markers, the situation of antiviral therapy, the general situation of mother and infant during delivery and the implementation of blockade measures for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants delivered in hospitals in Hainan province from 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of HBsAg in children at 7-12 months after birth was 1.47 %, and the difference in HBsAg positive rate of infants born in different years was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAg among children born to pregnant women with different nationalities, educational levels, occupations, delivery modes, delivery places, obstetric operations and perineal laceration, abnormal perinatal period, children with different genders and premature delivery and perinatal (all P<0.05). There was significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among infants born to pregnant women of different ages, the positive rate of HBsAg of infants born to young pregnant women was higher than that of older pregnant women (P<0.05). The rate of antiviral therapy was low in HBeAg positive pregnant women, and the positive rate of HBsAg in their infants was 2.54%, which was higher than 0.83% in HBeAg negative pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined immunological blockade with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HBV. HBsAg-positive women can give birth at the right age, and HBeAg-positive pregnant women can be treated with antiviral therapy to block mother-to-child transmission, providing the important basis for the formulation of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures.

Epidemiological analysis and prediction of varicella in Liaoning, 2006-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　By collecting and sorting the information of varicella cases reported in Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2021, the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed, and the monthly incidence data were predicted, so as to explore the prevention and control strategy of varicella disease in Liaoning Province. Methods　By collecting the characteristic information of varicella cases in Liaoning Province, epidemiological analysis was carried out on the regional, population, and temporal characteristics of varicella incidence. The monthly incidence data of varicella were fitted with Eviews software, seasonal ARIMA model was used for modeling, and models were selected according to SC and AIC. After modeling, the model was used to predict the incidence data in 2022. Results　The incidence rate of varicella in Liaoning Province has increased in recent years. The onset time was "bimodal distribution", with the main peak occurring from November to January of the next year and the secondary peak occurring from May to June. Since 2019, the onset age has shifted backward. From the original 0-<10 age group with the highest incidence rate, it shifted to the 10-<20 age group with the highest incidence rate. From 2006 to 2021, the incidence of varicella mainly concentrated in people aged 0 to <40 years old, and the incidence rate of the population over 40 years old showed a cliff-like decline. The incidence of chickenpox was higher in the central region of Liaoning Province, such as Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan and Panjin, and relatively low in Huludao, Jinzhou, Fuxin and Liaoyang. The distribution of the population was mainly students, followed by kindergartens and scattered children. ARIMA model of monthly incidence data was established by software as ARIMA (1, 0, 1) (1, 1, 1)12. Conclusions　The incidence rate of varicella in Liaoning Province has been rising in recent years. The incidence is obviously seasonal, and the age group of the affected population has moved backward. It is predicted that the incidence will continue to increase in 2022. The prevention and control of varicella should still be the current key work. In order to reduce the population incidence rate, two-dose vaccination strategies should be vigorously promoted the implementation of the, and the inclusion of varicella vaccine in the immunization program should be achieved as soon as possible.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for quantification of MMMAE-conjugated ADCs and total antibodies in cynomolgus monkey sera / 药物分析学报

Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are commonly heterogeneous and require extensive assessment of exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety relationships in preclinical and clinical studies.In this study,we report the generation of a monoclonal antibody against monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE)and the development,validation,and application of sensitive and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assays(ELISA)to measure the concentrations of MMAE-conjugated ADCs and total antibodies(tAb,antibodies in ADC plus unconjugated antibodies)in cynomolgus monkey sera.These assays were suc-cessfully applied to in vitro plasma stability and pharmacokinetic(PK)studies of SMADC001,an MMAE-conjugated ADC against trophoblast cell surface antigen 2(TROP-2).The plasma stability of SMADC001 was better than that of similar ADCs coupled with PEG4-Val-Cit,Lys(m-dPEG24)-Cit,and Val-Cit linkers.The developed ELISA methods for the calibration standards of ADC and tAb revealed a correlation be-tween serum concentrations and the OD450 values,with R2 at 1.000,and the dynamic range was 0.3-35.0 ng/mL and 0.2-22.0 ng/mL,respectively;the intra-and inter-assay accuracy bias％ranged from-12.2％to-5.2％,precision ranged from-12.4％to-1.4％,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was less than 6.6％and 8.7％,respectively.The total error was less than 20.4％.The development and validation steps of these two assays met the acceptance criteria for all addressed validation parameters,which suggested that these can be applied to quantify MMAE-conjugated ADCs,as well as in PK studies.Furthermore,these assays can be easily adopted for development of other similar immunoassays.

A comparative study of lung-microscopy and tissue homogenate in detecting Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the Pomacea canaliculata / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To compare the efficiency of lung-microscopy and tissue homogenate in the detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae from Pomacea canaliculate, with the amin of finding a simple and rapid method suitable for different scenarios. Methods　Pomacea canaliculata was caught and collected from ponds, ditches, rivers and other environments in the confirmed epidemic areas reported by predecessors. After each snail was weighed one by one, and dissected into two parts: lung sac and muscle. Firstly, each snail lung sac was check for nodules with lung-microscopy, and the nodules were picked out with anatomical needle and press them separately. Then, the worm was found and identified for worm species under microscope, and the lung sac and snail meat then was rechecked with tissue homogenate. Results　A total of 330 snails were detected, with 19.1% (63/330) snails with Angiostrongylus cantonensis stage Ⅲ larvae were detected by tissue homogenate and 15.8% (52/330) snails with nodules were detected by lung-microscopy. Among them, 36 snails with nodules and larvae were detected by the lung-microscopy, and all of them were positive by the tissue homogenate, with a coincidence rate of 100% (36/36); 16 snails with nodules but no larvae, among which 6 snails were positive and 10 snails were negative by the tissue homogenate, The false detection rate was 19.2% (10/52). 278 snails with no nodules, but 21 of them were detected by the tissue homogenate, the missing rate was 7.6% (21/278). There was no significant difference between tissue homogenate and lung-microscopy (taking the positive determination of nodules as the standard) (χ2=1.27, P=0.26, P>0.05). There was significant difference between tissue homogenate and lung-microscopy (taking the detection of larvae as the standard)(χ2=8.66, P = 0.003, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two methods and tissue homogenate in the detection rate of large snails ( ≥25 g, χ2=0.08，P=0.777; χ2=2.58, P=0.108), but there was significant difference between the two methods and tissue homogenate in the detection rate of small snail (≤10 g, χ2=5.63, P=0.02). Conclusions　Compared with the tissue homogenate, lung-microscopy is simple in the detection of large snails, requires less instruments and equipment, and its detection speed is faster. It is suitable for the field investigation of the natural focus of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The tissue homogenate has high sensitivity, can directly display the insect state and activity, has strong insect vitality and high detection rate, it's more suitable for food safety risk monitoring.

Herbal Textual Research on Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Based on the ancient literature of all dynasties， this article makes a systematic textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality， harvesting and processing of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex used in the famous classical formulas， and clarifies its information of each link in different historical periods， so as to provide a reference and basis for the development and utilization of the related formulas. The results showed that the main varieties of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex were Magnolia officinalis or M. officinalis var. biloba. The main production areas are Hubei， Sichuan， Chongqing and other places， forming the famous authentic medicine. The processing methods of the past dynasties are mainly cleansing and processing with ginger. In the formulas clearly marked with ginger processing， ginger-processed products is suggested to choose. If not clearly marked， raw or ginger-processed products can be used as needed.

Herbal Textual Research on Jujubae Fructus in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This paper made a systematic textual research on the historical evolution and changes of the name， origin， producing area， harvesting and processing methods of Jujubae Fructus used in famous classical formulas by referring to the ancient literature， so as to provide a basis for the sampling and research of the formulas containing the medicinal materials. According to textual research， there are many names of Jujubae Fructus， most of which are named by characters or producing areas， which are called Dazao. Ziziphus jujuba has always been the mainstream variety in all dynasties， and Z. jujuba var. inemmis has also been used. Considering that the differences between the two are not obvious， we can use Z. jujuba and Z. jujuba var. inemmis as the origins of Dazao. The germplasm resources of Jujubae Fructus are rich， which are distributed all over the country. Qingzhou （now Shandong）， Jinzhou （now Shanxi） Jiangzhou （now Shanxi）， Puzhou （now Shanxi） have been recorded as authentic producing areas of Jujubae Fructus in the past dynasties， especially in Shandong. At the beginning of the 21st century， the planting of Jujubae Fructus in Xinjiang gradually developed， and now has a high market recognition， becoming an emerging production area of high-quality samples. Harvest period of Jujubae Fructus is mostly August in the past dynasties， and this is basically the same as today. The main processing method is simple cleansing and drying. Through textual research， it is suggested that Jujubae Fructus in famous classical formulas should be mainly from Shandong， Shanxi and other traditional high-quality producing areas， the processing method should follow the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia for simple cleansing and drying.

Textual Research on Perillae in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Based on the ancient literature of all dynasties， this article makes a systematic textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality， harvesting and processing of Zisu （Perillae） in the famous classical formulas， so as to clarify the information of the drug in different historical periods and provide a reference for the development and utilization of the related formulas. The main origin of Perillae in the ancient literature was Perilla frutescens var. frutescens （purple leaf type）， followed by P. frutescens var. acuta （purple leaf type）， but not Baisu. Modern chemical composition studies also show that there are obvious differences between Perillae and Baisu， which provides a scientific basis for distinguishing them. Although they are often treated as a species in plant classification， P. frutescens var. frutescens （purple leaf type） is recommended in the development of famous classical formulas， and Baisu should be avoided. Perillae is widely distributed， but its producing area did not record in most of the literature in the past dynasties， or the producing area is described as everywhere today. In the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties， the medicinal parts of Perillae included stems， leaves and seeds， and doctors in the Ming dynasty began to pay attention to the differentiation of different medicinal parts. The harvesting and processing methods of Perillae in the past dynasties are close to that of today. Perillae Fructus is mostly stir-fried and ground into medicine， Perillae Folium and Perillae Caulis are mainly simple cleansing. In production， we can refer to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Herbal textual research on Rubi Fructus / 中国中药杂志

Rubi Fructus is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The origin of Rubi Fructus is the dried fruit of Rubus chingii, a plant of the family Rosaceae, according to the 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia. There are some differences in the plant origin of Rubi Fructus in ancient herbal literature, to trace back its sources, we conducted a textual research on its origin, producing areas, quality evaluation, processing and concocting, properties, tastes and efficacy etc. based on the records of ancient herbal literatures and combined with plant morphology and related investigation. RESULTS:: showed that the variety of Rubi Fructus was more complex among ancient herbal literature, including R. coreanus, R. hirsutus, R. corchorifolius, R. foliolosus and other mixed varieties. Most scholars believe that the R. chingii has not been recorded in ancient herbal literature, while R. chingii was recorded as early as the Ming Dynasty in Compendium of materia medica through our textual research. Ancient Chinese herbs recorded that Rubi Fructus was mostly produced in Hubei, Shandong, Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, while R. chingii mainly produced in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces nowadays. Also, it was recorded that Rubi Fructus harvested in wheat field during May were the best. Besides, R. chingii with big, full, grain integrate, firm, yellow and green color, sour taste and impurity free possess the best quality in the contemporary. The ancient records of processing and concocting, properties, tastes and efficacy were basically the same as modern ones.These results provide the basis for the correct utilization and further development of Rubi Fructus.

Cometabolic biodegradation of quizalofop-p-ethyl by Methylobacterium populi YC-XJ1 and identification of QPEH1 esterase

BACKGROUND: Quizalofop-p-ethyl (QPE), a unitary R configuration aromatic oxyphenoxypropionic acid ester (AOPP) herbicide, was widely used and had led to detrimental environmental effects. For finding the QPEdegrading bacteria and promoting the biodegradation of QPE, a series of studies were carried out. RESULTS: A QPE-degrading bacterial strain YC-XJ1 was isolated from desert soil and identified as Methylobacterium populi, which could degrade QPE with methanol by cometabolism. Ninety-seven percent of QPE (50 mg/L) could be degraded within 72 h under optimum biodegradation condition of 35°C and pH 8.0. The maximum degradation rate of QPE was 1.4 mg/L/h, and the strain YC-XJ1 exhibited some certain salinity tolerance. Two novel metabolites, 2-hydroxy-6-chloroquinoxaline and quinoxaline, were found by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis. The metabolic pathway of QPE was predicted. The catalytic efficiency of strain YC-XJ1 toward different AOPPs herbicides in descending order was as follows: haloxyfop-pmethyl ≈ diclofop-methyl ≈ fluazifop-p-butyl N clodinafop-propargyl N cyhalofop-butyl N quizalofop-p-ethyl N fenoxaprop-p-ethyl N propaquizafop N quizalofop-p-tefuryl. The genome of strain YC-XJ1 was sequenced using a combination of PacBio RS II and Illumina platforms. According to the annotation result, one α/ß hydrolase gene was selected and named qpeh1, for which QPE-degrading function has obtained validation. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment with other QPE-degrading esterases reported previously, the QPEH1 was clustered with esterase family V. CONCLUSION: M. populi YC-XJ1 could degrade QPE with a novel pathway, and the qpeh1 gene was identified as one of QPE-degrading esterase gene.

Retrospective study on transcrestal sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implantation of short implants / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the changes in bone height of the maxillary sinus floor at different sinus ridge heights after transcrestal sinus floor elevation (tSFE) with the simultaneous implantation of short implants.@*METHODS@#A total of 74 Bicon short implants were implanted into 37 patients during the same period of maxillary sinus elevation. The residual bone height (RBH)<4 mm group has 43 sites, and the RBH≥4 mm group has 31 sites. After 5 years of follow-up observation, the implant survival rate and the change in bone height achieved in the maxillary sinus over time were measured and analyzed via clinical examination and X-ray imaging.@*RESULTS@#In the 74 implantation sites, the elevation height of the sinus floor was (6.64±1.32) mm and the bone height of the sinus floor was (3.35±1.29) mm 5 years after loading. No statistical difference was observed in the bone resorption of the implant neck between the RBH<4 mm and RBH≥4 mm groups. Meanwhile, a statistical difference was noted in the bone height obtained in the maxillary sinus between the two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#When RBH in the maxillary posterior tooth area was <4 mm, the simultaneous implantation of Bicon short implants with tSFE can achieve a high implant survival rate and bone gain in the maxillary sinus, but does not increase the absorption of the alveolar ridge bone.

Efficacy of Modified Bushen Huoxuetang on Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis Type Early Unexplained Recurrent Abortion and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the clinical efficacy of modified Bushen Huoxuetang on kidney deficiency and blood stasis type early unexplained recurrent abortion and its effect on intestinal flora. Method::Totally 90 patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis type early unexplained recurrent abortion were selected from March 2017 to October 2018.According to the random number table, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group was given Bushen Huoxue capsule, while the observation group was given modified Bushen Huoxuetang. After treatment, the clinical efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores and adverse reactions of two groups were compared, and the changes of serum inflammatory factors, coagulation function and intestinal flora were detected before and after treatment. Result::After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 91.11%, which was higher than 77.78%of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of TCM syndromes in observation group were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT) in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group, while fibrinogen (FIB) was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The numbers of enterococcus, yeast and Enterobacter in observation group were significantly lower than those of control group, while the numbers of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in observation group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was 11.11%, which was lower than 28.89%of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion::Modified Bushen Huoxuetang has a good clinical efficacy in treating kidney deficiency and blood stasis type early unexplained recurrent abortion, and can reduce the TCM syndrome score. Its mechanism may be related to the reduction of inflammation, and improvement of coagulation function and intestinal flora, with a good safety.

Sevoflurane inhibits proliferation and invasion of colon cancer SW480 cells and standard regimen for advanced colorectal cancer / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of sevoflurane on the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer SW480 cells and the growth of transplanted tumor in nude mice by regulating the phosphorylation of PI3K. Methods: Colon cancer SW480 cells were treated with sevoflurane and randomly divided into control group, 0.5% sevoflurane group, 1.0% sevoflurane group and 2.0% sevoflurane group for subsequent experiments. The proliferation ability of SW480 cells was detected by Clone formation assay, mRNA expression levels of MDM2 and survivin in cells were detected by RT-PCR, invasion ability of cells was detected by Transwell assay, and protein expression levels of MDM2, survivin, VEGF, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT were detected by Western blotting. PI3K activator 740Y-P was added for verification. SW480 cell transplanted tumor model was constructed on nude mice, and the tumor mass was weighed. The positive expression rates of MDM2 and VEGF in the transplanted tumor tissues were detected by Immunohistochemistry. Results: As compared with the control group and the low-dose group, the clone formation rate of SW480 cells and the number of invaded cells in the 1.0% and 2.0% sevoflurane groups were significantly decreased (all P<0.01), the mRNA and protein levels of MDM2 in the cells were significantly increased (all P<0.01), while the mRNA and protein levels of survivin were significantly decreased (all P<0.01); and the protein levels of VEGF, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT were significantly decreased (all P<0.01). 740Y-P could reverse the effect of sevoflurane on the proliferation, invasion and expression of proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SW480 cells. The mass of transplanted tumor in 2.0% sevoflurane group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the positive MDM2 expression rate in tumor tissues was significantly increased (P<0.01), while the positive VEGF expression rate was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Sevoflurane inhibits the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer SW480 cells and the growth of xenografts in nude mice possibly by inhibiting PI3K phosphorylation.

Low-dose CT screening can reduce cancer mortality: A meta-analysis

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. To reduce lung cancer mortality and detect lung cancer in early stages, low dose CT screening is required. A meta-analysis was conducted to verify whether screening could reduce lung cancer mortality and to determine the optimal screening program. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, and relevant Chinese databases. Randomized controlled trial studies with participants that were smokers older than 49 years (smoking >15 years or quit smoking 10 or 15 years ago) were included. RESULTS Nine RCT studies met the criteria. LDCT screening could find more lung cancer cases (RR=1.58, 95%CI=1.25-1.99, P<0.001) and more stage I lung cancers (RR=3.45, 95%CI=2.08-5.72, P<0.001) compared to chest-X ray or the no screening group. This indicated a statistically significant reduction in lung-cancer-specific mortality (RR=0.84, 95%CI=0.75-0.95, P=0.004), but without a statistically reduction in mortality due to all causes (RR=1.26, 95%CI=0.89-1.78, P=0.193). Annually, LDCT screening was sensitive in finding more lung cancers. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose CT screening is effective in finding more lung cancer cases and decreasing the deaths from lung cancer. Annual low-dose CT screening may be better than a biennial screening to detect more early-stage lung cancer cases.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O câncer de pulmão é a principal causa de mortes relacionadas ao câncer. Para reduzir a mortalidade por câncer de pulmão e encontrar câncer de pulmão em um estágio inicial, é necessária uma triagem por tomografia de baixa dose. Uma meta-análise foi emitida para testemunhar se a triagem poderia reduzir a mortalidade por câncer de pulmão e investigar o melhor programa de triagem. MÉTODOS Pesquisamos PubMed, Web of Science, biblioteca Cochrane, ScienceDirect e relevante banco de dados chinês. Ensaios clínicos controlados aleatórios, em que os participantes eram fumantes com mais de 49 anos (tabagismo >15 anos ou parar de fumar 10 ou 15 anos atrás) foram incluídos. RESULTADOS Nove estudos RCT preencheram os critérios. O rastreamento de LDCT pôde encontrar mais cânceres de pulmão (RR=1,58, IC 95%=1,25-1,99, P<0,001) e mais cânceres de estágio I do pulmão (RR=3,45, IC 95%=2,08-5,72, P<0,001) em comparação com raio X do tórax ou nenhum grupo de triagem. Ele indicou uma redução estatisticamente significativa na mortalidade específica do câncer de pulmão (RR=0,84, IC 95%=0,75-0,95, P=0,004), mas sem uma redução estatisticamente significativa na mortalidade por todas as causas (RR=1,26, IC 95%=0,89-1,78, P=0,193). Anualmente, o rastreamento de LDCT foi sensível em encontrar mais cânceres de pulmão. CONCLUSÕES A triagem de TC de baixa dose é eficaz para encontrar mais cânceres de pulmão e diminuir as mortes por câncer de pulmão. Para encontrar mais cânceres de pulmão em estágio inicial, a triagem anual de tomografia de baixa dose pode ser melhor do que a triagem bianual.

Effect of Shoutaiwan and Shaoyao Gancao Tang on Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of Shoutaiwan and Shaoyao Gancao Tang on recurrent spontaneous abortion due to spleen and kidney Qi deficiency. Method: Totally 80 eligible patients were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group, with 90 cases in each group. The control group was treated with lymphocyte immune; the Shoutaiwan and Shaoyao Gancao Tang combined with lymphocyte immune was applied in the treatment group. Coagulation function[the part plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen (FIB), type plasminogen activator (t-PA), prothrombin time (PT), D-dimer (D-D) and tissue factor (TF), fibrin peptide A (FPA), fibrinogen (Fig), Plasminase-antifibrinolytic complex (PAP), glycoprotein platelet particle-140 (GMP-140), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT)], serum closed antibody (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+), inflammatory factor interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10)]were scored after the treatment. The rates of birth and adverse reactions in each group were compared. The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation of abortion spleen and kidney Qi deficiency was scored. Result: 5 cases were lost during the study period. The term delivery rate was 92.0%in the treatment group, which was higher than 73.6%in control group (PP+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+), inflammatory factors (IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-1β) and TCM syndrome scores were significantly lower in the treatment group than that in control group (P+), inflammatory factors IL-10 were significantly increased compared with the control group (PPConclusion: Shoutaiwan and Shaoyao Gancao Tang have a remarkable effect on recurrent spontaneous abortion case by spleen and kidney Yang deficiency.

Association between different parent-child separation types and emotion regulation strategies among preschool children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand effects of timing and duration of separation experiences from parents on emotion regulation of left-behind preschoolers,and to provide the reference for phychological instruction and intervention among the special groups of children.@*Methods@#Children’s emotion regulation strategy and the relevant information among 1 373 left-behind preschool children from Funan county in Fuyang.Qianshan county in Anqing,Changfeng county and Fexi county inFeixi were investigated.@*Results@#Children with left-behind experiences younger than 18 months old tend to use less cognitive restructuring (P=0.03) and alternative action strategies (P=0.00) than non-left behind children. Children separated from father less than 47 months (median) and 36 months (median) from mother tend to use less cognitive restructuring (P=0.00) and alternative action strategies (P=0.00) than non-left behind children.@*Conclusion@#Separation experiences from parents younger than 18 months old exert severe damage on children’s emotional regulation. With the duration of separation increases, children show resilience of emotion regulation, which might be a protective factor for negative emotion due to parent-child separation.

Protective effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on acute heart failure in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the protective effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) on acute heart failure (AHF) in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into control, model, and low-, middle- and high-dose PSP groups, 12 rats in each group. The low-, medium- and high-dose PSP groups were intragastrically administrated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg PSP for 5 days, respectively. On the sixth day, the AHF model was established by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin. After 24h, the cardiac function, serum biochemical indexes, myocardial ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase levels and apoptosis related protein expressions were determined. Results: Compared with model group, in high-dose PSP group the heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, ±dp/dtmax, serum superoxide dismutase level, myocardial Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase levels and myocardial Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), the left ventricular end diastolic pressure, serum cTnI, CK-MB, TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and myocardial Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions: Polysaccharide can prevent the acute heart failure induced by adriamycin. The mechanism may be related to its anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis.

Exploration of gene functions for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using network-based guilt by association principle

Gene networks have been broadly used to predict gene functions based on guilt by association (GBA) principle. Thus, in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), our study was designed to use a network-based GBA method to identify the optimal gene functions for ESCC. To identify genomic bio-signatures for ESCC, microarray data of GSE20347 were first downloaded from a public functional genomics data repository of Gene Expression Omnibus database. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ESCC patients and controls were identified using the LIMMA method. Afterwards, construction of differential co-expression network (DCN) was performed relying on DEGs, followed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis based on a known confirmed database and DEGs. Eventually, the optimal gene functions were predicted using GBA algorithm based on the area under the curve (AUC) for each GO term. Overall, 43 DEGs and 67 GO terms were gained for subsequent analysis. GBA predictions demonstrated that 13 GO functions with AUC>0.7 had a good classification ability. Significantly, 6 out of 13 GO terms yielded AUC>0.8, which were determined as the optimal gene functions. Interestingly, there were two GO categories with AUC>0.9, which included cell cycle checkpoint (AUC=0.91648), and mitotic sister chromatid segregation (AUC=0.91597). Our findings highlight the clinical implications of cell cycle checkpoint and mitotic sister chromatid segregation in ESCC progression and provide the molecular foundation for developing therapeutic targets.

Oncolytic immunotherapies: Opportunities and challenges / 医学研究生学报

Cancer is the first cause of death in China. From traditional treatment to targeted therapy and again to immunotherapy, each step forward has brought us a new hope and some challenges as well. Effective antitumor immunotherapy relies on two aspects, breakdown of immunotolerance and maintenance of system immune homeostasis. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are capable of selective replication in malignant cells and induction of their lysis and death. With a characterization of OVs, this review introduces the mechanisms of oncolytic immunotherapy and the Results of related studies.